Scope of Field Work
Training:
As we know that fieldwork training is for the
students to make them ready for the upcoming challenges in their professional
life and also to make them study out of the classes. Class base education is
ancient and old type of education and the fieldwork training is like a modern
and new way of teaching by keeping the students out of the traditional classes
and lectures. In Social field work
training students visit the house of affected person, prepare the profile of
individual or a group. They also learn following things:
·
how to implement their
skills
·
principles of social
community work
·
casework
·
community organization
·
social action
The agency provides the platform to
students to know about the service provisions, their goals, outcomes,
stagnation and decline in the communities and the social and economic problems
in the communities. The social fieldwork training has a wide scope in the
world because it teaches the students o practice research methodology, skills
and techniques by conducting small surveys. For example students studies the
condition of person with mental disabilities or mental problems, provide
special Assistance or Services to them by using given resources. The fieldwork
training has a very deep effect on the life of social workers as they get to
learn about the gender injustices and social injustice, forms of exploitation,
violence and conflicts among people from different communities. When students
go into different communities in their local residents they get to know that
how they can develop a community and how they can overcome the problems of the
community. The fees work training provides them a thorough observation of the
problems of a community. After observing those problems social workers can take
social action by planning and coping with then welcome situations. These
opportunities can only be given to social workers by fieldwork training in a
selective institution or a community. The fieldwork training not also provide
the platform and opportunity for social workers to grow but also make it
possible for the public to participate and educate and other themselves by
participating and interacting with social workers. In order to make a social
action or fieldwork training successful, The social work practicum should be
transparent and clear and the goals and objectives should be set. The fieldwork
training has its impact and Advantages as it is responsible for a social worker
to assess and overcome the problems of the Society and Affected people in a
society.
The population
of psychologically disturbed people and social welfare policy towards them in
Pakistan.
According to a report of a prominent
website pakistantoday.com "80 million Pakistanis are suffering
from Psychological, Neurotic disorder which results in spiritual, Physical,
Mental and Emotional illness all over the country."
A report on mental health system in Pakistan
of World Health Organization which was published in 2009. According to that
report, Pakistan's mental health Policy was last revised in 2003. The mental
health plan was also last revised in 2003. The disaster/emergency preparedness
plan for mental health was last revised in 2006. The mental health legislation
was enacted in 2001 and it focused on the access to mental health care
including access to the least restrictive care; rights of mental health service
consumers; family members, and other care givers; competency, capacity, and
guardianship issues for people with mental illness; voluntary and involuntary
treatment; accreditation of professionals and facilities; law enforcement and
other judicial system issues for people with mental illness; mechanisms to
oversee involuntary admission and treatment practices; and mechanisms to
implement the provisions of mental health legislation.
A national mental health authority
exists which provides advice to the government on mental health policies and
legislation. The mental health authority also is involved in service planning, service management and
co-ordination and in monitoring and quality assessment of mental health
services. Mental health services are not organized in terms of catchment/service
areas. There are 3729 outpatient mental health facilities in the country, of
which 1% are for children and adolescents only. These facilities treat 343.34
users per 100,000 general population. The average number of contacts per user
is 9.31. Forty-six percent of outpatient facilities provide follow-up care in
the community, while 1% has mental health mobile teams. In terms of available
interventions, 1- 20% of users have received one or more psychosocial
interventions in the past year. 624 Community-based psychiatric inpatient units
are available in the country for a total of 1.926 beds per 100,000 population.
1% of these beds in community-based inpatient units are reserved for children
and adolescents only. Five mental hospitals are available in the country; these
are organizationally integrated with mental health outpatient facilities. In
the last five years the number of beds in mental hospitals has raised up to
four percent. In addition to beds in mental health facilities, there are also
0.02 beds for persons with mental disorders in forensic inpatient units and
1620 in other residential facilities such as homes for persons with mental
retardation, detoxification inpatient facilities, homes for the destitute,
etc.Twenty seven percent of the training for medical doctors is devoted to
mental health, in comparison to 3% nurses and 11% non-doctor/non-nurse primary
health care workers. In terms of refresher training, 16% of primary health care
doctors have received at least two days of refresher training in mental health,
while 5% of nurses and 13% of non-doctor/non-nurse primary health care workers
have received such training. The total number of human resources working in
mental health facilities or private practice per 100,000 population is 87.023.
The breakdown according to profession (raw numbers) are as follows: 342
psychiatrist, 25782 other medical doctors (not specialized in psychiatry),
13643 nurses, 478 psychologists, 3145 social workers, 22 occupational
therapists, 102597 other health or mental health workers (including auxiliary
staff, non-doctor/non-physician primary health care workers, health assistants,
medical assistants, professional and paraprofessional psychosocial counselors).
Forty five percent of psychiatrists work only for government administered
mental health facilities, 51% work only for NGOs/for profit mental health
facilities/private practice, while 4% work for both the sectors. As for nurses,
6582 work in outpatient facilities, 7018 in community-based psychiatric
inpatient units and 43 in mental hospitals. In regards to other health or
mental health workers, 101055 work in outpatient facilities, 1308 in
community-based psychiatric inpatient units and 234 in mental hospitals. In
terms of staffing in mental health facilities, there are 187 psychiatrists per
bed in community-based psychiatric inpatient units, in comparison to 14
psychiatrists per bed in mental hospitals.
The number of professionals graduated
last year in academic and educational institutions per 100,000 is as follows:
2.1 medical doctors (not specialized in psychiatry); 1.5 nurses (not
specialized in psychiatry); 0.002 psychiatrists; 0.07 psychologists with at
least 1 year training in mental health care; 0.008 nurses with at least 1 year
training in mental health care; 0.005 social workers with at least 1 year
training in mental health care; 0.002 occupational therapists with at least 1
year training in mental health care. The 1-20% of psychiatrists emigrates to
other countries within five years of the completion of their training.
The government provides economic support for both consumer and
family associations. Family associations have been involved in the formulation
or implementation of mental health policies, plans, or legislation in the past
two years. Government agencies (e.g., Ministry of Health or Department of
mental health services); NGOs; professional associations, private trusts; and
foundations, International agencies have promoted public education and
awareness campaigns in the last five years. In addition to legislative and
financial support, there are formal collaborations between the government
department responsible for mental health and the departments/agencies
responsible for primary health care/ community health, HIV/AIDS, reproductive
health, child and adolescent health, substance abuse, child protection,
education, employment, housing, welfare, criminal justice, the elderly, and
other departments/Agencies.
.REF:
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